Opioid addiction is one of the biggest health and social problems in the world, affecting all cultures, creating social problems, and causing death by affecting the individual's health. There are many alternative drug types in the treatment of addiction to opioids. Buprenorphine and methadone are the two main and most effective agents in the treatment of opioid dependence. Both agents are structurally similar, but have advantages and disadvantages in their use. The aim of this review is to discuss the similarities and differences of buprenorphine and methadone and discuss the role of both drugs in the treatment of opioid dependence scientifically. Thus, it is aimed to contribute to effective and multi-choice treatment methods for addicts by providing general information to experts, researchers and policy makers about opioid addiction treatment. [Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg 2019; 20(0.200): 119-121]