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Objective: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a widely used form of psychotherapy. Despite its well established efficacy for various psychological problems, it is surrounded by numerous false beliefs and myths. Some of these myths are not only common in clients, but are also shared by clinicians working in the area of psychiatry. Therefore, this study primarily aimed to detect the myths related to CBT that are common among psychiatrists and psychiatry residents in Turkey and in a sample of non Turkish European psychiatry residents. Methods: A questionnaire was developed by the researchers to detect the participants opinions on the following variables: personal interest in psychotherapy, CBT training available in the institution they work and formal training through courses, the effectiveness of CBT on various psychiatric disorders and some of the common myths and misconceptions about CBT. A total of 140 participants -73 psychiatry trainees, 33 young psychiatrists from Turkey and 34 members of The European Federation of Psychiatric Trainees (EFPT) from different European countries who were in Turkey for the annual forum of EFPT- completed the questionnaire. Results: The data revealed that only 32.1% of participants have education / training on CBT in their psychiatry training programs and only 2.9% of the whole study group rated CBT training in their institution as sufficient. 40.7% of participants (n:57) reported that CBT is the type of psychotherapy they are most interested in. CBT was seen as a treatment primarily for anxiety disorders but not in more severe disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar and personality disorders. 37.1% of the participants declared that they think CBT should not be used for patients with schizophrenia whereas the other two conditions in which CBT regarded as should not be used by a significant number of participants were bipolar disorder and personality disorders (28.6% and 22.9% respectively). Conclusions: The findings of the study indicate the need to evaluate alternative and better ways of promoting CBT in order to reduce misunderstandings and improve good practice amongst professionals working in the area of psychiatry. The findings indicate the need to promote CBT and increase awareness for possible misconceptions and myths that have grown up around CBT. This will help reduce myths and misconceptions about CBT. Therefore it will also improve good practice amongst psychotherapy professionals and motivate purchasers and clients to demand help for a wide range of psychological problems that CBT may be effective as a means to reduce suffering. [Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg 2015; 16(1.000): 60-64]