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Objective: There is not great number of Turkish personality tests developed or adapted based on five factor model. For this reason, Big Five Personality Questionnaire (B5KT-50-Tr) was translated into Turkish. Consequently, B5KT-50-Tr and Five Factor Personality Inventory Short Form (5FPI-SF) were applied to the same group and constructs and factors of these two test were compared by various procedures. In this way we aimed to reveal the similarities and differences of two tests. Methods: The study was carried out in two phases and with two separate studies. In the first phase of the study B5KT-50-Tr was translated into Turkish. A total of 1167 people, 589 women and 578 men ranging in age from 18 to 70 participated in this study. Out of these participants 98 people took part in the test- retest study. In the second phase of the study both tests were administered and the total number of participants were 1463, 786 women and 677 men, ranging in age from 18 to 80. Results: In the translation study B5KT-50-Tr explained 35.58% of the total variance by five factors and CFA results showed model fit. Internal consistencies of the factors of the test were calculated between 0.65 and 0.79, and test-retest coefficients were between 0.55 and 0.80. As for the comparison study, B5KT-50-Tr explained 36.10% of the total variance and 5FPI-SF explained 32.11% of the total variance. According to the results of CFA both tests showed model fit at a close level to each other. Internal consistencies of the factors of B5KT-50-Tr were between 0.68 and 0.79, and for 5FPI-SF were between 0.68 and 0.85. The correlation coefficients of the factors of the two test with each other were found between 0.51 and 0.66. Although there was no difference between IRT item parameter values between two tests, mean factor scores of all factors were found different. Conclusion: Translation study show that B5KT-50-Tr has met the basic psychometric requirements. As for the comparison study, it has been observed that the tests are largely similar in terms of the features compared. The obtained results are discussed in terms of the details. [Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg 2017; 18(1.000): 51-61]